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Liposomal Magnesium Carbonate 80% is a premium-grade dietary supplement ingredient delivering magnesium carbonate in an advanced liposomal delivery system. Magnesium carbonate (CAS 546-93-0 for anhydrous; CAS 39409-82-0 for basic form), also known as magnesite, is an inorganic salt composed of magnesium cations (Mg²⁺) and carbonate anions (CO₃²⁻). It is chemically characterized by the molecular formula MgCO₃ and a molecular weight of 84.31 g/mol. Magnesium carbonate occurs naturally as the mineral magnesite and exists in several hydrated forms including barringtonite (MgCO₃·2H₂O), lansfordite (MgCO₃·5H₂O), and nesquehonite (MgCO₃·3H₂O). The compound is available as a white, odorless crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water (0.01 g/100 mL at 20°C) but dissolves readily in dilute acids.
Magnesium is the fourth most abundant cation in the human body and serves as an essential cofactor for more than 300 enzymatic reactions, including all enzymatic processes involving ATP. It plays a critical role in neurochemical transmission and muscular excitability, and is essential for maintaining normal bone density, cardiac rhythmicity, pulmonary function, and blood glucose regulation. Magnesium carbonate is widely utilized in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical formulations due to its high elemental magnesium content and excellent gastrointestinal tolerance profile.
Conventional magnesium carbonate presents significant formulation challenges. The compound has poor aqueous solubility and is classified as an inorganic magnesium salt, which generally exhibits lower bioavailability compared to organic magnesium forms such as gluconate, citrate, and amino acid chelates. Approximately 4% to 23% of magnesium from inorganic salts such as magnesium oxide is absorbed, compared to 50% to 67% for top organic chelates.
Liposomal encapsulation provides four critical advantages:
1. Superior Bioavailability and Sustained Plasma Levels — A randomized, controlled, two-group human clinical trial in 20 metabolically healthy volunteers compared the bioavailability of 400 mg magnesium in liquid liposomal form versus non-liposomal tablet form. The liquid liposomal magnesium supplement achieved up to 5.18 times higher bioavailability than the non-liposomal tablet form and maintained elevated plasma levels throughout the entire study period, demonstrating sustained high concentrations during daily supplementation. This represents a significant enhancement over conventional magnesium carbonate, which relies on gastric acid for dissolution and absorption.
2. Enhanced Cellular Uptake — liposomes fuse directly with intestinal cell membranes, facilitating efficient cellular delivery via lipid-mediated pathways. The liposomal delivery system bypasses the saturable nature of carrier-mediated magnesium transport, providing an alternative route of cellular entry. The liposomal matrix may help uptake in the small intestine by providing a protective structure that remains stable until reaching the optimal absorption site.
3. Gastrointestinal Protection — The phospholipid bilayer shields the magnesium-carbonate complex from premature interaction with gastric contents, protecting the mineral from the acidic pH of the stomach. This special structure avoids any reaction with the intestinal wall and allows direct absorption into the bloodstream. Liposomal encapsulation minimizes the laxative effect commonly associated with conventional magnesium salts by reducing direct mucosal contact.
4. Dual-Ion Delivery — Magnesium carbonate provides both magnesium and carbonate ions. The carbonate component contributes to the antacid activity of the compound, neutralizing excess stomach acid while the liposomal delivery system ensures efficient magnesium absorption.
High Purity — Standardized to ≥80% magnesium carbonate, with MgO equivalent of 40.0%–43.5% (USP) and elemental magnesium content of 25.0%–28.8%.
Liposomal Enhancement — Phospholipid bilayer encapsulation achieves up to 5.18 times higher bioavailability compared to non-liposomal magnesium in tablet form in human clinical study, with sustained elevated plasma levels maintained throughout the study period.
Superior Gastrointestinal Tolerance — Magnesium carbonate exhibits a relatively good gastrointestinal tolerance profile and has been proposed as a valid alternative phosphate binder to calcium acetate, allowing hemodialysis patients to reduce their calcium load.
Phosphate Binding — Magnesium carbonate is an effective phosphate binder for chronic hemodialysis patients and prevents vascular calcification in these patients. It effectively controls serum phosphate levels and reduces aortic calcification.
Muscle and Nervous System Support — Magnesium prevents or controls convulsions by blocking neuromuscular transmission and decreasing the amount of acetylcholine liberated at the end-plate by the motor nerve impulse.
Mitral Valve Prolapse Symptom Relief — Many patients with heavily symptomatic mitral valve prolapse syndrome have low serum magnesium, and supplementation by means of magnesium carbonate leads to improvement in most symptoms.
Antacid Activity — Magnesium carbonate is used for relief of gastrointestinal symptoms of dyspepsia, heartburn, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and constipation, acting as an antacid and laxative.
Water-Dispersible — Liposomal powder offers excellent dispersibility in water compared to standard magnesium carbonate; suitable for capsules, tablets, powder drink mixes, and functional beverages.
Batch Traceability — Complete COA, HPLC chromatogram, and identity data provided for each batch.
| Application | Recommended Usage | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Capsules / Tablets | 100–200 mg elemental magnesium per serving | 1–2 capsules daily with meals; commercial products typically provide 320 mg magnesium (from magnesium carbonate hydrate) per tablet |
| Functional Beverages | 50–100 mg per 250 mL | Water-dispersible; suitable for RTD formats |
| Powdered Drink Mixes | 200–400 mg per sachet | Blend with vitamin B6 for enhanced cellular uptake |
| Phosphate Binder Formulas | 250 mg magnesium carbonate per serving | Clinical study used 250 mg magnesium carbonate three times daily with meals in hemodialysis patients |
| Muscle & Bone Health Formulas | 200–400 mg per serving | Often combined with vitamin D3 and K2 for synergistic bone support |
| Effervescent Tablet Formulations | 172–320 mg elemental magnesium per tablet | Dissolve one tablet daily in 200 mL water |
Clinical studies and commercial products commonly recommend 200–400 mg of elemental magnesium per day from magnesium carbonate. A representative commercial effervescent tablet contains 320 mg of magnesium from magnesium carbonate hydrate, with a suggested intake of one tablet daily dissolved in 200 mL of water. Another commercial product provides 172 mg of elemental magnesium per tablet, with the same daily dosage recommendation. For phosphate binding in chronic hemodialysis patients, a clinical study used 250 mg magnesium carbonate three times daily with meals, with the dose of each binder titrated to achieve the K/DOQI phosphate target of <5.5 mg/dL. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for elemental magnesium is 310–320 mg/day for adult females and 400–420 mg/day for adult males. The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for supplemental magnesium is 350 mg/day for adults. Liposomal formulations may allow for more efficient utilization of lower doses due to enhanced bioavailability.
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Magnesium Carbonate Encyclopedia — Scientific Background
Magnesium carbonate (CAS 546-93-0 for anhydrous; CAS 39409-82-0 for basic form), also known as magnesite, is an inorganic salt composed of magnesium cations and carbonate anions. It is chemically characterized by the molecular formula MgCO₃ and a molecular weight of 84.31 g/mol. Magnesium carbonate occurs naturally as the mineral magnesite, which is a white, yellowish, greyish-white, or brown crystalline solid. It exists in several hydrated forms including barringtonite (MgCO₃·2H₂O), lansfordite (MgCO₃·5H₂O), and nesquehonite (MgCO₃·3H₂O). In addition, there is a series of basic magnesium carbonates having the general formula xMgCO₃·yMg(OH)₂·zH₂O.
Magnesium carbonate holds a well-established regulatory position as both a pharmaceutical and food ingredient:
FDA GRAS Status — Magnesium carbonate was affirmed as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) by the FDA in 1985.
USP Monograph — Magnesium Carbonate is defined as a basic hydrated magnesium carbonate or a normal hydrated magnesium carbonate. It contains the equivalent of not less than 40.0% and not more than 43.5% of magnesium oxide (MgO). The USP monograph specifies identification tests, assay procedure (titration with 1 N sulfuric acid VS and 1 N sodium hydroxide VS), and limits for soluble salts (NMT 1.0%), acid-insoluble substances (NMT 0.05%), and arsenic.
Food Additive — Magnesium carbonate functions as an anticaking agent and antibleaching agent with the INS number 504(i) and E number E504(i). The JECFA evaluation from 1965 established that the acceptable daily intake (ADI) is "not limited," indicating a very favorable safety profile.
Global Standards — Magnesium carbonate is monographed in the USP, European Pharmacopoeia, and Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) specifications. It is permitted for use in food in the European Union, United States, and other regions.
Magnesium is the fourth most abundant cation in the human body and plays an important role in neurochemical transmission and muscular excitability, and also in the central nervous system. Key physiological roles include:
Muscle Function — Magnesium regulates muscle contraction and relaxation, and is essential for preventing cramps and spasms
Nervous System — Magnesium modulates NMDA receptor activity and supports GABAergic function for mood stabilization
Energy Production — Magnesium is required for ATP synthesis and is a critical cofactor in mitochondrial Energy Metabolism
Cardiovascular Function — Magnesium regulates heart rhythm, vascular tone, and blood pressure
Bone Health — Approximately 60% of the body's magnesium is stored in bones, where it contributes to bone mineral density
Blood Glucose Regulation — Magnesium is involved in glucose metabolism and insulin signaling
Magnesium carbonate is an effective phosphate binder for chronic hemodialysis patients and prevents vascular calcification in these patients. In a pilot study, treatment with magnesium carbonate effectively controlled serum phosphate levels and reduced aortic calcification. A clinical evaluation of low-dose magnesium carbonate as a phosphate binder in chronic hemodialysis patients demonstrated that patients taking 250 mg magnesium carbonate achieved comparable phosphate control to those taking 2400 mg sevelamer carbonate over a 3-month period.
Many patients with heavily symptomatic mitral valve prolapse syndrome have low serum magnesium, and supplementation of this ion by means of magnesium carbonate leads to improvement in most symptoms. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the short-term effects of spring water supplemented with magnesium bicarbonate on acid/base balance, bone metabolism, and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women further supports the cardiovascular benefits of magnesium supplementation.
Magnesium prevents or controls convulsions by blocking neuromuscular transmission and decreasing the amount of acetylcholine liberated at the end-plate by the motor nerve impulse. This mechanism underlies magnesium sulfate's clinical use as an anticonvulsant, particularly in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia.
Magnesium carbonate is used for relief of gastrointestinal symptoms of dyspepsia, heartburn, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and constipation, by acting as an antacid and laxative. The carbonate anion neutralizes excess stomach acid, while the magnesium cation exerts an osmotic laxative effect by drawing water into the intestines.
Despite magnesium's essential physiological functions, conventional magnesium carbonate presents absorption limitations. The compound is practically insoluble in water (0.01 g/100 mL at 20°C) and is classified as an inorganic magnesium salt. In comparative bioavailability studies, magnesium oxide had a fractional absorption of only 4%, while organic magnesium forms such as gluconate achieved absorption rates of 50% to 67%. A landmark study testing 10 magnesium forms in magnesium-depleted rats using stable isotope tracers found that magnesium carbonate was the most available form based on percentage absorption, percentage retention, and femur magnesium concentration, though absorption of the oxide form was slightly lower than that of carbonate or chloride.
liposomal encapsulation addresses these limitations through a phospholipid bilayer that protects magnesium from premature interaction with gastric contents and dietary inhibitors, and enhances intestinal absorption through lipid-mediated pathways. In a human clinical trial, liquid liposomal magnesium achieved up to 5.18 times higher bioavailability compared to non-liposomal magnesium in tablet form.
Liposomal encapsulation of magnesium carbonate provides a fundamentally different delivery mechanism from conventional forms. The phospholipid bilayer surrounds the magnesium-carbonate complex, forming a protective shell that enhances absorption and reduces gastrointestinal irritation. This delivery system:
Achieves up to 5.18 times higher bioavailability compared to non-liposomal magnesium in tablet form
Maintains sustained elevated plasma levels throughout the supplementation period
Enhances intestinal absorption through lipid-mediated pathways
Minimizes direct contact between magnesium and the gastrointestinal mucosa
Bypasses the saturable nature of carrier-mediated magnesium transport
Magnesium-liposome complexes with delayed magnesium release have been patented (EP 3046541 A1, WO2015040028A1), demonstrating the technological feasibility and commercial interest in liposomal magnesium delivery systems for the treatment of diseases associated with magnesium deficiency. The liposomes protect magnesium during passage through the stomach and during digestion by gastric juices, preventing any reaction with the intestinal wall and allowing direct absorption into the bloodstream.
A randomized, controlled, two-group human clinical trial enrolled 20 metabolically healthy volunteers to compare the bioavailability of 400 mg magnesium in liquid liposomal form versus non-liposomal tablet form. Magnesium blood plasma levels were measured over time after intake. The results demonstrated that the liquid liposomal magnesium supplement had 5.18 times higher bioavailability than the non-liposomal tablet form and maintained elevated plasma levels throughout the entire study period, proving sustained high concentrations during daily supplementation.
A pilot study evaluated magnesium carbonate as a phosphate binder in chronic hemodialysis patients. The dose of each binder was titrated to achieve the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) phosphate target of <5.5 mg/dL. The study demonstrated that magnesium carbonate effectively controlled serum phosphate levels and reduced aortic calcification. A separate clinical evaluation of low-dose magnesium carbonate (250 mg) versus sevelamer carbonate (2400 mg) over 3 months demonstrated comparable phosphate control.
Clinical research has demonstrated that many patients with heavily symptomatic mitral valve prolapse syndrome have low serum magnesium, and supplementation of this ion by means of magnesium carbonate leads to improvement in most symptoms.
A clinical trial (NCT07398521) is evaluating the effects of a Liposomal Magnesium Complex supplement on energy and mood. The study is a single-arm, virtual trial in which 60 adult participants consume the supplement daily for 14 days and complete self-reported questionnaires at multiple timepoints.
Magnesium carbonate is generally well tolerated and has a very favorable safety profile. The JECFA evaluation from 1965 established that the acceptable daily intake (ADI) is "not limited," indicating a very low order of toxicity. The compound has been affirmed as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) by the FDA since 1985.
The most common side effects of magnesium carbonate are gastrointestinal, including diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal cramping, particularly at high doses due to its osmotic laxative effect. Liposomal encapsulation helps reduce these side effects through improved absorption and reduced gastrointestinal mucosal contact.
The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for supplemental magnesium is 350 mg/day for adults. Magnesium carbonate should not be used by individuals with kidney disease without medical supervision. Patients receiving therapy with cardiac glycosides such as digoxin must not be given calcium supplements.
Magnesium carbonate is widely commercialized as a dietary supplement ingredient, pharmaceutical agent, and food additive. It is monographed in the USP, European Pharmacopoeia, and Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) specifications. Testing protocols must adhere to international standards including USP, European Pharmacopoeia, and FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius. Formulators should verify local regulatory requirements prior to market entry.
This product is intended for research, nutraceutical, and functional food applications. Not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
69$/KG
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